1. 研究目的与意义
In literary criticism, eco-feminism has its great significance in criticizing patriarchy-centered culture and praising femininity. Consequently, it is now better understood as a movement working against the interconnected oppressions of gender, race, class and nature.
In the history of literature, feminist literature is a siginificant branch, in which, the black female literature shines within its unique characteristics and background. As a Nobel Prize winner and a woman of color, Toni Morrison is one of the most valuable figures of contemporary American Literature. She maintains uniqueness of African American Literature. In contemporary woman novelists of America, Toni Morrison is the rare one who thinks highly of nature in her works.
The Bluest Eye is Morrison#8217;s first novel created in 1970, but now it is still very popular and draws much attention from scholars. Many scholars studied this novel in terms of psychoanalytic theory, Postcolonialism Critics and Feminism . With the emerging of eco-feminism, some scholars begin to research the novel in terms of eco-feminism. However, the scholars who do such study are few. According to dada collection， eco-feminism is the ideology of The Bluest Eye, an eco-feminism song sung by Morrison.
2. 研究内容和预期目标
This research claims on the interconnection between eco-feminism and The Bluest Eye, as well as woman and nature. In particular, racial and classic elements are mixed in gender study. Complicated relations of these factors can be interpreted in a typical novel-The Bluest Eye which is exactly the representative of Morrison#8217;s eco-feminism thoughts. Eco-feminismis not exclusively discussed by white women authors and critics.
The research will specifically and systematically study the theme of the novel, Morrison#8217;s early thoughts of eco-feminism, to get an overall understanding on eco-feminist thoughts in The Bluest Eye,disclose the reality of women of color and unveil the origin of this reality in terms of gender discrimination, classism and racism, which are just the aspects of eco-feminism. The research will also focus on the connections between gender discrimination and rapes, women#8217;s menstruation, and lots of natural images of flowers, seasons and animals in the novel, the connections between classism and every scene of kitchen and housework. Along with the former two factors, racism could also be studied from the experience of female characters such as Pecola#8217;s tragedy, Geraldine#8217;s cleanliness, Pauline#8217;s salvation and Claudia#8217;s resistance which is the expectation of author as a black eco-feminist critic.
3. 国内外研究现状
Morrison depicts the reality of life of women of color and unveils the origin of this reality in terms of gender discrimination, class and racism, which are all related to eco-feminism. Gender discrimination is revealed by the rapes, women#8217;s menstruation, and lots of natural images of flowers, seasons and animals in the novel, while the classism is penetrated into every scene of kitchen and housework. As well as former two factors, racism could also be seen from the experience of female characters such as Pecola#8217;s tragedy, Geraldine#8217;s cleanliness, Pauline#8217;s salvation and Claudia#8217;s resistance which is the expectation of the author as a black eco-feminist critic.
Human lives depend on the natural ecology which is a system where species live and develop harmoniously. As well as natural ecology, human civilization needs continuous interacting of different cultures from different races and values from different classes and genders. Liberating women and nature is the inexorable trend of historical development, and rebuilding black feminine consciousness with the help of nature can reach the harmonious coexistence of men and women, and culture and nature.
4. 计划与进度安排
Outline
ChapterⅠ. Toni Morrison and Eco-feminism
5. 参考文献
[1] Beaulieu, Elizabeth. The Toni Morrison Encyclopedia [M]. Greenwood Press Weatport, and Connecticut London, 2003
[2] Bloom, Harold. Toni Morrison [M]. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1990
[3]Christian, Barbara. Black Feminism Criticism: Perspective on Black Women Writers [M]. New York: Pergamon, 1985
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