An Analysis of the Construction of Main Characters Subjectivity in Everything I Never Told You in Light of Sartres Gaze Theory 萨特凝视理论视域下分析《无声告白》中主要人物的自我身份构建开题报告

 2023-06-29 13:06:14

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）

I.Introduction Everything I Never Told You is a novel written by Celeste Ng, a rising contemporary Chinese American writer and novelist. As a Chinese American who has lived in a cross racial and cultural American society since she was a child, she has personally felt the conflicts in the lives of Chinese American in the United States, and has deeply thought about their sense of existence.Everything I Never Told You is Celeste Ngs debut novel. It took her six years to complete this novel, once published in 2014, it received rave reviews and won multiple awards. It has now been translated into more than 20 languages. The inspiration for the novel derives from two aspects, one is the impact of her parents education on her awareness of identity construction. She recalled her experiences of being an ethnic minority in the process of her growing up, and her experience of growing up bears more sameness with the children in this novel. The other is that it is about a true story that Celeste heard from her husband about a boy who pushed his sister into the lake and finally being saved. This story further prompted her to keep introspecting the previous relationship between the brother and sister and what changes would follow. If the girl is not saved, what would happen to her family?Everything I Never Told You depicts the story of a Chinese American hybrid family who lives in a small town of America during the 1970s. There are 12 chapters in this novel, starting with Lydias sudden death and arranges the main plot through the familys different suspicions on her death with the nonlinear narrative skills. The family members memorize and reflect their previous life along the proceeding of exposing the truth with the investigation of local police.Gaze, also translated as stare or glance, is a product of visual-centralism. Since the middle of the 20th century, it has been an important concept in Western literary theories and cultural criticism. Gaze is a view method accompanied with power and desire. The gazers, getting the privilege to gaze, are subjects of power and desire. The gazed, suffering others gaze, are reduced to objects of power and desire. Due to the endured pressure of power of the gazers, the gazed are increasingly internalizing the gazers value and betraying their own will, which eventually lead to their self-objectification. From the perspective of gaze theory, this article presents the existential crisis of Chinese Americans under the gaze of white society in the 1970s, and exposes the alienating effect of race, family, and societys oppressive gaze on the main characters. But the novel also affirmed the subjective initiative in the construction of the individual subject, considered the relationship between the self and others, and the expectation of the harmonious coexistence of ethnic groups.II.The significance of the studyMany scholars and critics at home and abroad have carried out a profound and detailed interpretation of this novel, mainly from the perspective of feminism, character image analysis, growth novel perspective, traumatic experience interpretation, and narrative interpretation etc.However, few scholars have analyzed and interpreted the book based on Sartres gaze theory. Therefore, this thesis aims to analyze the novel from a creative perspective, which uses Sartres gaze theory mainly to interpret the gaze suffered by the main characters in the work, then to deeply analyze how these characters are stared and how to overcome the crisis of subjectivity and reconstruct their subjectivity, hoping to provide a reference direction for future scholars research.III.Literature reviewChinese-American female writer Celeste Ng relies on her debut novel Everything I Never Told You won the 2014 Amazon Best Book Award in one fell swoop, and its work entered the top ten of the New York Times bestseller list in May 2015. It can be regarded as a dark horse in the European and American Chinese literature circles. Many scholars and critics at home and abroad have carried out a profound and detailed interpretation of this novel, mainly from the perspective of racial issues, feminism, character image analysis, growth novel perspective, traumatic experience interpretation, and narrative interpretation etc, which have provided great inspiration for this thesis. Some scholars evaluate this novel from the perspective of racial issues. The cultural hybridity causes great confusion and pressure to Lydias family. Sara Constantaskis considers Everything I Never Told You as a novel full of racial discrimination, Chinese Americansidentification is extremely difficult than normal American (2016). Sally Bland describes the novel as a story of Chinese American family, and a story concerns gender and racial prejudice in mid-20th century America on the Jordan Times (2016). She argues that this novel is about a mixed-race family dealing with and trying to discover the mysterious death on the surface, but what it is really about is the way in which Lydia and her brother and sister are treated as aliens in society and even to their own parents in this hybrid family. She also comments that this novel is about the pressure to deal with prejudice and the burden to be treated as aliens. Its also about the pressure to adapt and integrate into the mainstream society and become what her parents want. Some critics comment from the perspective of family education and family communication. Ru Freeman (2014) investigates the issue of family education in this novel. He comments that Lydias parents who possess high pursuits usually have much higher demands on their children. To some extent, it reminds people of the Chinese Tiger Mother. The relationship between mother and daughter in a hybrid family is much more complex, which causes more harm to the healthy growth of children. Fallon (2014) evaluates this novel as a family drama with the beginning of Lydias death, which shows the secrets one by one to reveal the truth to readers after they are enough attracted, parents instinctual and intense 1ove only become the heavy burden for their children and sometimes even the straw 1ast to push them into the fathomless abyss. He argues that Lydias parents dont give their children timely life inspiration but put them into the echos of puzzlement during their growing up. Chris Schluep (2014) explores Marilyns inner world, and analyzes the causes of Lydias life tragedy from the perspective of mother-daughter relationship, which exposes the oppressive status of women in the 1970s.Some scholars criticize this novel from the perspective of feminism. Lydias family has three generations of women: her grandmother, mother and her, and they have all experienced different degrees of female discrimination. Zhang Ce (2016) interprets this novel from the perspective of socialist feminism to explore how women in the novel are oppressed in the patriarchal society. Hu Lin (2016) asserts that the core concepts of socialist feminism include power relationships. He takes the socialist feminist theories as its framework so as to expose the hard living conditions of female characters in this novel. He comments that traditional patriarchal prejudice against female, the oppression from men, the sexual division of labor in some sense cements females social subordinate position. Girls experience the sexual discrimination in the process of acquiring their own gender identity.Some critics comment from the perspective of family relationship. The abnormal and intense family atmosphere and relationship influences Lydia mentally and psychologically. Fu Dongjie (2016) emphasizes that Lydias tragedy is mainly caused in the name of 1ove, and some certain internal or external conflicts. He also elucidates the image of kitchen, which implicitly explains the reason why her mother Marilyn aspires to get rid of the ordinary 1ife of American women at that time, and later she imposes her unrealized dreams upon her daughter. The significance of meeting the eager expectations from others couldnt be simply neglected, especially those children as Lydia in a hybrid family. The abnormal relationship among this hybrid family members is childrens main source of puzzlement. Gong Shumei (2015) comments that the love between Lydia and her mother Marilyn is just like the amber. She discusses the causes for this tragedy and highlights that a person shouldnt get 1ost in love. She should grow up in parents 1ove and live for herself. Yang Wei (2016) argues that parents excessive anticipation on their children, their completely divergent life values, educational concepts and the hybrid identity jointly causes Lydias tragic death.Works CitedFallon, C. (2014). The Book Were Talking About: Everything I Never Told You. The Huffin, Gton Past, (8): 7-20.Heidegger, M. (1999). Being and Time. Beijing: Chinese Social Science Publishing House.Lawson, M. (2015). An Acute Portrait of Family Psychopathology-this Debut Crime Thriller is a Surprise Choice as Amazons Best Book of the Year. Retrieved January 12, 2021, from http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/nov/20/everything-i-never-told-you-celeste-ng-review-amaon-best-book-year?CMP=twt_guNg, C. (2015). Everything I Never Told You. New York: The Penguin Press.Sally, B. (2016). Can Missed Opportunities be Reclaimed. Jordan Times, (6):07-14.Sara, C. (2016). Everything I Never Told You by Celeste Ng. Gale Literature Resource Center, (11): 124.迟秋雅（2020），从成长中的他者到自我实现论《无声告白》中的伦理叙事，金陵科技学院学报（社会科学版），34(03):42-44。

伏东杰（2016），每个人都是一座孤岛《无声告白》的心理空间解读，文学研究，(7):19-20。

龚淑梅（2015），琉拍之爱论《无声告白》里的亲子命运的轮回，开封大学学报， (4):27-29。

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2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案

Based on Sartres gaze theory and on the premise of intensive reading, this paper uses Sartres gaze theory mainly to interpret the gaze suffered by the main characters in the article, and to deeply analyze how these characters are stared and how to overcome the crisis of subjectivity and reconstruct their subjectivity. From the perspective of gaze, this paper analyzes the mechanism of gaze, the transcendence of self existence and the resolution of gaze pressure, and interprets the philosophical thinking of the subject construction and racial issues in the novel.

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